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Galileo Galilei (born in Pisa, Tuscany, February 15, 1564 - died in Arcetri, Tuscany, January 8, 1642 at age 77 years) was an astronomer, philosopher, and the Italian physicist who has a big role in the scientific revolution.

His contributions in scholarship, among others, is perfecting the telescope, numerous astronomical observations, and first and second laws of motion (dynamics). Moreover, Galileo is also known as a supporter of Copernicus concerning the circulation of the earth around the sun.

Due to the latter view that he regarded the faith of the church and brought to court Italy on June 22, 1633. Thoughts on the sun-centered solar system contrary to the teachings of Aristotle and the conviction of the church that the earth was the center of the universe. He was punished by excommunication (house arrest) until his death. New in 1992 Pope John Paul II officially declared that the decision of punishment is wrong, and in a speech December 21, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI said that Roman Catholic Church to rehabilitate his name as a scientist.

According to Stephen Hawking, Galileo can be considered as the largest contributor to the world of modern science. He is also often cited as the "father of modern astronomy", the "father of modern physics", and "father of science". The results of his efforts can be regarded as a major breakthrough of Aristotle. Conflict with the Roman Catholic Church (Events Galileo) is an early example of conflict between the authority of religion with freedom of thought (especially in science) in Western societies.

Biography

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Tuscany on February 15, 1564 as the first son of Vincenzo Galilei, a Florentine mathematician and musician, and Giulia Ammannati. He has been taught since childhood. Later, he studied at the University of Pisa, but stalled due to financial problems. Fortunately, he was offered a position there in 1589 to teach mathematics. After that, he moved to the University of Padua for teaching geometry, mechanics, and astronomy until 1610. In those days, he was steeped science and make discoveries.

In 1612, Galileo went to Rome and joined the Accademia dei Lincei to observe sunspots. In that year, came the rejection of the theory of Nicolaus Copernicus, a theory supported by Galileo. In 1614, from Santa Maria Novella, Tommaso Caccini denounced Galileo's opinions about the movement of the earth, giving the assumption that the theory is misguided and dangerous. Galileo went to Rome to defend himself. In 1616, Cardinal Roberto Bellarmine gave a notice prohibiting it supports and teaches the theory of Copernicus.

Saggiatore Galileo wrote in 1622, later published in 1623. In 1624, he developed one of the early microscope. In 1630, he returned to Rome to make the permission to print the book Dialogo sopra i due massimi SISTEMI del mondo later published in Florence in 1632. However, in the same year, the Catholic Church a verdict that Galileo should be held in Siena.
In December 1633, he was allowed to retire to his villa in Arcetri. His latest book, Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno à due Nuove scienze published at Leiden in 1638. At that time, Galileo was almost totally blind. On January 8, 1642, Galileo died in Arcetri, when assisted by Vincenzo Viviani, one of his students.

Astronomy

Unlike some people who believed, Galileo's telescope did not create but he has been perfecting the apparatus. He became the first person to use it to observe the sky, and for some time, he is one of the few people who can make a telescope that good. Initially, he made a telescope based solely on a description of the tools made in Holland in 1608. He made a telescope with a magnification of 3x and then create new models that can reach 32x. On August 25, 1609, he demonstrated the telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

In addition, his work also led to other results because there are traders who use the telescope for the purposes of shipping. Astronomical observation was first published in March 1610, titled Sidereus Nuncius.
Galileo discovered three natural satellites of Jupiter, Io, Europa, and Callisto, on January 7, 1610. Four nights later, he discovered Ganymede. He also found that those months appear and disappear, symptoms of which he expected to come from the movement of these objects to Jupiter, so he concluded that the four objects are orbiting the planet.

Galileo is one of the first Europeans to observe sunspots, estimated Astronomy Astronomers have studied Chinese for a long time. In addition, Galileo also was the first to report the presence of mountains and valleys on the moon, the conclusions drawn look of the shadow pattern on the surface. He then gave the conclusion that the moon was "rough and uneven, like the surface of the earth itself", unlike Aristotle's assumption that states the moon is perfectly spherical.

Galileo also observed the planet Neptune in 1612 but he did not realize it as a planet. In his notebook, Neptune was recorded only as a dim star.


Born February 15, 1564
Pisa, Toscana - Italy
Died January 8, 1642 (age 77)
Arcetri, Tuscany - Italy
Great place to live Keadipatian Toscana
The field of Astronomy, Physics and Mathematics
Alma mater University of Pisa
Known on the kinematics,telescope,solar system
Religion : Roman Catholic

source:wikipedia